Overview
Gold Chloride, known by its chemical formula AuCl₃ and CAS Number 16961-25-4, is a highly valued inorganic compound that plays a significant role in scientific research, electronics, catalysis, and nanomaterial synthesis. Its unique properties as a gold-containing compound make it a crucial material in several high-precision and high-value applications.
Chemical Properties
– Chemical Formula: AuCl₃
– Molar Mass: 303.32 g/mol
– Appearance: Reddish-yellow or dark red crystalline solid
– Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, and hydrochloric acid
– Stability: Decomposes in moist air; sensitive to light and heat
Gold Chloride is known for its strong oxidizing nature and its ability to form stable complexes with other compounds, making it versatile in chemical processes.
Key Industrial Applications
1. Gold Plating & Metallization
Gold Chloride is widely used in electroplating and thin-film deposition to apply a conductive and corrosion-resistant layer of gold onto various surfaces — particularly in microelectronics, semiconductors, and printed circuit boards.
2. Catalysis
AuCl₃ serves as a homogeneous catalyst in several organic reactions, especially in carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions and oxidation processes. Its catalytic efficiency is leveraged in fine chemical synthesis and research labs.
3. Nanotechnology
In the field of nanomaterials, Gold Chloride is used as a precursor for producing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). These nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electrical, and thermal properties useful in sensors, optics, and medical diagnostics.
4. Analytical Chemistry
Gold Chloride is sometimes employed as a reagent in analytical chemistry to detect the presence of certain compounds due to its strong reactivity and ability to form colored complexes.
5. Materials Science & Glass Manufacturing
Gold Chloride is used in staining and coloring specialized glass and ceramics. It imparts a rich ruby-red hue to glass when incorporated during manufacturing, often seen in decorative or technical glassware.
Handling and Safety
– Hazard Classification: Corrosive and oxidizing
– Storage Recommendations: Store in tightly sealed containers, away from light, moisture, and incompatible materials like strong bases or reducing agents.
– Protective Measures: Use with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, eye protection, and lab coats. Adequate ventilation is essential when handling Gold Chloride in powder or solution form.
Exposure may cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Always consult the compound’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for full handling protocols.
Conclusion
Gold Chloride (CAS: 16961-25-4) is a critical chemical in modern industry and research. Its roles in gold nanoparticle synthesis, catalysis, and advanced materials science continue to expand as technology progresses. While highly reactive and requiring careful handling, its value across high-tech applications cannot be overstated.
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